01

Short answer

Add every certain contract payment and plausible return cost. Do not merely divide by months: compare the same use period and mileage with the net depreciation of buying.

02

Important variables

  • Equal holding period and mileage
  • Net sale proceeds and contract cost
  • Energy, maintenance and insurance
  • Liquidity and finance rate
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03

Worked example

€399 × 36 months plus €3,500 upfront and €1,190 delivery equals €19,054 before excess mileage and return cost.

04

Break-even: What changes the result?

Test the main driver as a cautious, central and optimistic range. Also check whether the ranking reverses at a crossover or remains robust across the range.

05

Common mistakes

  • Comparing monthly payments only
  • Treating resale as certain
  • Omitting one-offs or mileage
07

Sources & assumptions

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