01

Short answer

Use several nominal escalation rates and actual current rent. Verify contractual and legal limits outside the calculator; the model only represents entered cash flows.

02

Important variables

  • Price, rent and holding period
  • Rate, principal and remaining balance
  • Buying, maintenance and selling cost
  • Appreciation and alternative return
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03

Worked example

€1,400 monthly rent grows to about €1,707 after ten years at 2%, or €2,072 at 4%.

04

Break-even: What changes the result?

Test the main driver as a cautious, central and optimistic range. Also check whether the ranking reverses at a crossover or remains robust across the range.

05

Common mistakes

  • Comparing mortgage payment directly with rent
  • Omitting transaction cost or remaining debt
  • Treating appreciation as guaranteed
07

Sources & assumptions

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